Hives, or urticaria, are itchy, raised welts that appear on the skin, typically triggered by an allergic reaction or other factors. These welts can range in color, from red or pink to flesh-colored, though they might be harder to see on darker skin tones.

While hives are uncomfortable, they aren’t contagious. This means that touching someone else’s hives won’t transfer the rash to you. However, the underlying trigger causing the hives may be contagious.

Types of Hives

Although allergies are the most common cause of hives, various factors can trigger this skin reaction. Here’s a breakdown of different types:

1. Allergic Hives

Allergic reactions are the leading cause of hives, but they’re not contagious. Common allergens that can trigger hives include:

• Certain foods (like nuts, eggs, or shellfish)
• Insect bites or stings
• Medications (such as antibiotics or pain relievers)
• Pollen and plants like poison ivy or oak

2. Infection-induced Hives

In some cases, viral and bacterial infections can cause hives. While the hives themselves are not contagious, the underlying infection that triggered them can be spread. Examples include:

• Colds or viruses like COVID-19
• Strep throat
• Mononucleosis (mono)

These infections can spread through:

• Airborne germs from coughing or sneezing
• Poor hygiene
• Contact with infected saliva or stool

People with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, pregnant women, or those with chronic illnesses, are more vulnerable to these infections.

3. Environmental Hives

Certain environmental factors can trigger hives, such as:

• Exposure to extreme temperatures (cold or heat)
• Physical exertion or body heat
• Stress or pressure on the skin (from tight clothing)

4. Chronic Hives

Chronic urticaria refers to recurring hives that last for six weeks or more. In severe cases, chronic hives may persist for years. There’s often no clear cause, but underlying health conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, may be involved.

Chronic hives are more common in men than women and affect about 1.4% of the population.

When to Seek Medical Help

In most cases, hives resolve on their own within a few days. However, you should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following alongside your hives:

• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling around the throat or lips
• Wheezing or shortness of breath
• Difficulty swallowing
• Fever

If these symptoms occur, they could indicate a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), and immediate medical treatment is necessary.

How to Prevent Hives

The prevention of hives depends on their cause. If you have known allergies, the best way to prevent hives is to avoid allergens. Here are a few tips:

• Avoid trigger foods or substances that cause allergic reactions.
• Carry an EpiPen in case of severe allergic reactions.
• Take prescribed allergy medications, but consult your doctor about alternatives if these medications contain allergens.
• Wear loose clothing and avoid tight-fitting clothes that can cause skin irritation.
• Use gentle soaps to avoid irritating your skin.
• Wear protective clothing to guard against sun exposure or cold weather.

Additionally, to prevent infection-related hives:

• Wash your hands regularly to reduce the spread of bacteria or viruses.
• Practice good hygiene to avoid contracting infections.
• Get vaccinated to prevent certain contagious infections.
• Avoid contact with sick individuals, especially those with visible hives.

Takeaway

While hives themselves are not contagious, the conditions or infections that cause them can be. If your hives are triggered by an allergy, avoiding the allergens can help prevent outbreaks. For infection-induced hives, practicing good hygiene and taking necessary precautions can reduce your risk of exposure.

Hives are treatable, and by understanding their causes, you can take steps to manage and prevent future flare-ups effectively.